Toyota 13101-0D091 Piston Sub-Assy, W/Pin

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Before even getting down to the piston and connecting rod assemblies, the cylinder head, the upper part of oil pan, and the oil pan have to be detached. Run your finger nail over the top of the travel of the rings in each cylinder; any ridges felt should be ground out with a ridge reamer to avoid ultimate breakage of the piston. Once you have eliminated the ridges, position the engine in such a way that the crankshaft is at the upper part. Measure the connectivity of the connecting-rod small end by using feeler gauges, making sure that the endplay is not over the service limit; if this is the case, new connecting rods may be required. Identify connecting rods and caps and then loosen, separate the connecting rod cap bolts without dropping the bearing insert. At the open top of the engine push the connecting rod/piston assembly out, making sure the first and last step to removes all the ridge materials has been followed. Do this for the rest of the cylinders; after that, tighten the connecting rods caps and bearing inserts lightly by hand just to cover the bearing face. The pistons and connecting rods have been ground and can now be further checked for wear and anyone required can be replaced. This measures the interference of the top ring land while fitting new piston rings, measure the ring end gaps and also piston ring side clearance. Lay out the piston/connecting rod assemblies and new ring sets to be matched according to their numbers for the assembly process. Slide the top ring into the first cylinder, align it with the cylinder walls and using the feeler gauges, check the end gap. If it is small, insert the ring ends and gently sand them in a way to expand the space for the watch straps. End gap north of 0.040-inch is problematic rather than large end gap in and of itself being a negative attribute. Repeat this for each ring making sure of the match between the two strings. After you have identified the end gaps, fit the rings on the pistons in a sequence starting with the oil control ring, then the middle ring, and then the top ring with due consideration to the direction. It is recommended that before installation processes and procedures the cylinder walls should be clean, Cylinder edge chamfered and the crankshaft installed. Scrape the grease off the two bearing surfaces of the connecting rod and cap, and put the new upper bearing insert into the cap without greasing it. Align the gaps in the piston ring along the cylinder at an interval of 90-degrees remove the piston and apply engine oil to the piston and the rings before compressing the piston ring compressor and finally placing the piston in the cylinder. Place the piston/connecting rod assembly into the cylinder bore such that the marks are oriented in the proper manner. Services to be performed include checking the connecting rod bearing oil clearance by using Plastigage and replacing the bearing inserts in case they are worn out. Once the Plastigage material has been cleaned, put another thin layer of the said substance on the bearing faces, reinsert the connecting rod and then retighten the rod cap. Repeat the same process for the rest of the assemblies, make sure that all assemblies and their surfaces are clean and oriented correctly through out the process. Last of all, turn the crankshaft to search for any binding and to recheck the connecting rod again for the endplay and adjustment if needed.

Insert the top (number one) ring into the first cylinder and square it up with the cylinder walls by pushing it in with the top of the piston, near the bottom of the cylinder.