Toyota 13101-21070 Piston Sub-Assy, W/Pin

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Remove the cylinder head, sump, and oil pump pick-up tube. Rotate the crankshaft so No 1 big-end cap is at its lowest point. Mark the big-end cap and rod if not already numbered. Unscrew and remove the big-end bearing cap bolts, and withdraw the cap with shell bearing from the rod. Discard the bolts as they are 'stretch' type. If only the bearing shells are being attended to, push the rod up and off the crankpin, and remove the upper bearing shell. If the piston is being removed, push the rod up and remove the piston and rod from the top of the bore. Repeat for the remaining piston/rod assemblies. Ensure all components are marked and kept in order.

The inspection process, therefore, needs that the piston/connecting rod assemblies must be cleaned, and the original piston rings must be removed. Now carefully expand old rings upwards over pistons by use of two or three old feeler blades to avoid dropping them into empty grooves. Additionally, carbon deposits may be scrapped off from the top of a piston with a handheld wire brush or fine emery cloth. While trying to remove carbon deposits on a piston's ring groove using an old ring, take care not to scratch or take away any metal from the sides. Using paraffin or an appropriate solvent, clean the piston/connecting rod assembly and ensure that oil return holes are clear in the ring grooves. Provided that pistons and cylinder bores are not excessively worn or damaged; then original pistons can be re-used but new piston rings should always be used when reassembling the engine. For every piston check if there are cracks about its skirt, gudgeon pin bosses and also the lands of its ring. The presence of scoring, scuffing, holes and burns suggest that upon inspection one will find this on the piston's surface. The presence of scorch marks indicates that rings sealed improperly while a hole in crown implies irregular combustion. Things provoking such problems have got to be corrected immediately. Corrosion appears as small pits indicating leaks in coolant which need attention soonest possible. Piston-ring-to-groove clearance and piston-to-bore clearance can determine if new pistons are required. Also make sure there is no excessive play for fitting gudgeon pin before it is put back in place again. After removing rings their end gaps should be checked before fitting them properly by spacing top ring gaps at 180° to each other and ensuring oil control rail top and bottom rails are correctly positioned.

First of all, make sure to examine the old main and big-end bearings because they show the engine's condition. Also, failures can result from poor lubrication, dirt, overloading, and corrosion. Before reassembling, these issues must be addressed to prevent recurrence. Bearings need to be removed and arranged. Contaminants can enter the engine through improper assembly, filter bypass, or the crankcase ventilation system.

The ring grooves in the piston should be cleaned by using an old ring to remove carbon deposits, taking care not to scratch the sides or remove any metal.

The caps and rods should be marked for position before removal and stored together.

By cleaning it off using paraffin.