Toyota 13211-28031-B0 Piston

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Before pulling the piston and connecting rod assemblies out one has to make sure that the cylinder head, oil pan, and upper oil pan are disconnected, and on four-cylinder vehicles, the balance shafts must be pulled off as well. First check for any ridge at the uppermost of the ring travel in each cylinder and if there is any just use the ridge cutter and trim till there is no ridge at all to avoid piston failure. After that, flip the engine over in a way that the crankshaft is upward with the desire of having the cylinder head after the ridges are taken off. Measure and inspect the connecting rod end play to ensure that the clearance corresponds to the service limits; if it does not, then you will need new connecting rods. Identify connecting rods and caps, then remove the cap and the bearing insert, and pushing the connecting rod/piston assemblage through the top of the engine. There are normally caps and inserts that fit on the terminals after disconnection, and these should be replaced in order to afford protection. When it comes to piston ring installation, one should compare the dimensions of the ring end gaps and the correct piston ring side clearance. Sort the piston/connecting rods assemblies and all new ring sets; now, take the upper ring, and place it into the first cylinder, to measure its end play with feeler gauges. If adjustments are necessary, very carefully file the ring ends. Start from the outermost ring-oil control ring-then middle ring and then the top ring of the piston with attention to the polarity. Before laying the assemblies, degrease the cylinder walls and bevel the edges; lightly apply oil on the piston and rings and insert the piston with the help of ring compressor. In this case use Plastigage to measure the oil clearance of the connecting rod bearing and after getting the measurement make sure the bearing surface of the connecting rod and crankshaft is free from oil. Whenever the clearance is not as aforesaid, always check on the bearing sizes and journal diameter. Finally, you should check for the clearance after which you should grease the bearing faces, put the rod cap, bolts and the remaining other assemblies in the same manner as above. Last of all, envelop the crankshaft and to check for binding which should be obviously very smooth and then again check the connecting rod clearance so that it is expected.

Prior to removing the piston/connecting rod assemblies, remove the cylinder head(s), the oil pan, and the oil pump pick-up tube. On four-cylinder engines only, remove the engine balancer assembly if not already done. Use your fingernail to feel if a ridge has formed at the upper limit of ring travel. If carbon deposits or cylinder wear have produced ridges, they must be completely removed with a special tool. After the cylinder ridges have been removed, turn the engine upside-down so the crankshaft is facing up. Before the connecting rods are removed, check the endplay with feeler gauges. Slide them between the first connecting rod and the crankshaft throw until the play is removed. Check the connecting rods and caps for identification marks. Loosen each of the connecting rod cap nuts 1/2-turn at a time until they can be removed by hand. Remove the number one connecting rod cap and bearing insert. To protect the crankshaft journals on four-cylinder engines, slip short pieces of rubber hose over the rod bolts before removing the pistons. Push the connecting rod/piston assembly out through the top of the engine. Repeat the procedure for the remaining cylinders. After removal, reassemble the connecting rod caps and bearing inserts in their respective connecting rods and install the cap nuts finger tight. Don't separate the pistons from the connecting rods.

Remove the cylinder head, upper oil pan section, and oil pan before removing the piston/connecting rod assemblies. You can check for cylinder ridges and remove them with a tool. Make sure to measure the connecting rod endplay with feeler gauges and consult a machine shop if it exceeds the limit. Mark the connecting rods and caps for the association. Remove the connecting rod cap bolts and caps, then extract the piston/connecting rod assemblies. When installing new piston rings, verify the ring end gaps and adjust them. Install new bearing inserts and lubricate the surfaces. Also, match the assemblies and ring sets to the corresponding cylinder and insert the top ring into the first cylinder. Lubricate the piston and rings with clean engine oil and use a piston ring compressor. You should verify the connecting rod bearing oil clearance using Plastigage.

If the pistons and cylinder walls are not excessively worn, and the engine block is not rebored, new pistons may not be necessary, but new piston rings should always be used during engine rebuilding.

Before installing piston/connecting rod assemblies, you should ensure clean cylinder walls, chamfered top edges, and a properly placed crankshaft.